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150 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
# Python 專案
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Python 專案用於部署 Django、Flask、FastAPI 等 Python Web 應用。
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## 前置要求
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1. 安裝 Python 執行環境：**應用** > **執行環境** > **Python**
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2. 專案原始碼
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## 部署步驟
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1. 上傳專案程式碼到伺服器
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2. 建立虛擬環境並安裝依賴：
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```bash
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cd /opt/ace/project/myapp
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python3.13 -m venv venv
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source venv/bin/activate
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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3. 建立專案：
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- **專案名**：`myapp`
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- **專案目錄**：`/opt/ace/project/myapp`
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- **啟動命令**：見下方範例
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4. 開啟 **反向代理**
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## 啟動命令範例
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### Django
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```bash
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# 開發伺服器（不推薦生產使用）
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/opt/ace/project/myapp/venv/bin/python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
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# 使用 Gunicorn（推薦）
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/opt/ace/project/myapp/venv/bin/gunicorn myproject.wsgi:application -b 0.0.0.0:8000 -w 4
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# 使用 uWSGI
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/opt/ace/project/myapp/venv/bin/uwsgi --http 0.0.0.0:8000 --module myproject.wsgi
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```
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### Flask
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```bash
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# 開發伺服器（不推薦生產使用）
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/opt/ace/project/myapp/venv/bin/python app.py
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# 使用 Gunicorn（推薦）
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/opt/ace/project/myapp/venv/bin/gunicorn app:app -b 0.0.0.0:8000 -w 4
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```
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### FastAPI
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```bash
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# 使用 Uvicorn
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/opt/ace/project/myapp/venv/bin/uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
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# 使用 Gunicorn + Uvicorn Workers（推薦）
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/opt/ace/project/myapp/venv/bin/gunicorn main:app -b 0.0.0.0:8000 -w 4 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
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```
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## 常用框架配置
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### Django 生產配置
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`settings.py`:
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```python
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DEBUG = False
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ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['your-domain.com']
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STATIC_ROOT = '/opt/ace/project/myapp/static/'
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```
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收集靜態檔案：
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```bash
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/opt/ace/project/myapp/venv/bin/python manage.py collectstatic
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```
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### FastAPI 範例
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```python
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from fastapi import FastAPI
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app = FastAPI()
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@app.get("/")
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def read_root():
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return {"Hello": "World"}
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```
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## Gunicorn 配置
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建立 `gunicorn.conf.py`：
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```python
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bind = "0.0.0.0:8000"
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workers = 4
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worker_class = "sync" # 或 "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker" for FastAPI
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timeout = 30
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keepalive = 2
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```
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啟動命令：
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```bash
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/opt/ace/project/myapp/venv/bin/gunicorn -c gunicorn.conf.py myproject.wsgi:application
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```
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## 虛擬環境
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強烈建議使用虛擬環境隔離專案依賴：
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```bash
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# 建立虛擬環境
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python3.13 -m venv venv
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# 啟用虛擬環境
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source venv/bin/activate
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# 安裝依賴
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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# 退出虛擬環境
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deactivate
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```
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## 常見問題
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### 依賴安裝失敗
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某些套件需要編譯，確保安裝了必要的系統依賴：
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```bash
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# AlmaLinux/Rocky Linux
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yum install gcc python3-devel
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# Ubuntu/Debian
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apt install gcc python3-dev
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```
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### 靜態檔案 404
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Django 生產環境需要配置 Nginx 直接提供靜態檔案，或使用 WhiteNoise。
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### 資料庫連線問題
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檢查資料庫配置和網路連線，確保資料庫服務正常執行。
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