panel/app/Http/Middleware/Authenticate.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate as Middleware;

use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Response;

class Authenticate extends Middleware
{
    /**
     * Get the path the user should be redirected to when they are not authenticated.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     *
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function redirectTo($request)
    {
        abort(response()->json([
            'code' => 1001,
            'msg' => '登录状态失效'
        ]));
    }
}